WORLD GEOGRAPHY A - Z ATLAS

Where you find yourself on the planet and where we are in the solar system determines your fate

 

 

The more we know about our precious blue planet, the better we can manage our future.  Please use the links table below to explore the countries of the world and learn about our fellow man, their customs, needs and the land they inhabit.

 

This free A to Z resource features Youtube video footage from around the world and google map locations for easy reference. Isn't technology wonderful.

 

 

WORLD ATLAS A - Z LINKS

 

Adelaide 

Aden - Yemen

Afghanistan

Africa Central - East

Alaska

Algeria

Amazon - rainforests

Amsterdam

Antarctic - Antarctica

Arctic Ocean - North Pole

Argentina

Asia

Athens

Atlantic Ocean

Australia

Austria

Aztecs - Mexico

Bahamas - Crooked Island

Baltic Sea

Bangladesh

Baghdad

Bahrain

Barbados

Beachy Head, England

Belgium

Berlin

Bermuda

Bering Sea

Black Rock Desert, Nevada

Bohemia

Bolivia

Bonneville, Utah - History

Brazil

Brighton - West Pier

Bristol - 

British Columbia

Bulgaria

Burma

California

Canada

Canary Islands

Cape Hope

Cape York - Au

Caribbean - Central America - Sea

Cayman Islands

Chichester Harbour

Chile

China - Beijing - East China

Columbia - S. America

Columbo - Sri Lanka

Corfu

Coral Sea

Cornwall - Lands End

Cowes, Isle of Wight

Croatia

Cuba

Cyprus

Czechoslovakia

Darwin - Australia

Daytona Beach - Florida USA

Denmark

Dubai

Eastbounre Pier, England

Earthquakes

East Africa

Egypt

English Channel

Equador

Equator

Estonia

Europe

Falkland Islands

Falmouth, Cornwall

Fiji

Finland

Florida

France

Galapagos Islands

Geography Links

Geography Records

Geography Resources

Geography Statistics

Germany

Gibraltar - Links

Greece

Greenland

Gulf of Mexico

Hampshire

Hawaii

Holland - Volendam

Hollywood, California, LA

Hong Kong

Hungary

Hurricanes

Iceland

India - Mumbai

Indian Ocean

Indonesia Links

Iran

Iraq

Ireland

Isle of Man

Isle of Wight - The Needles

Israel

Italy

Jakarta - Java

Jamaica

Japan

Jordan

Kent, England - Sandgate

Kenya

Korea  Republic of (South)

Kuwait

Kyoto - Japan

Las Vegas

Lebanon

Libya

Life on Earth

Lithuania

London - Big Ben

London Eye - Madame Tussauds

London Houses Parliament

London - Buckingham Palace

London - Old Bailey

London - Overview

London - The City

London - Tower Bridge

London - Trafalgar Square

Luxembourg

Malaysia

Malta

Maya Empire - Central America

Mediterranean Ocean

Melbourne, Australia

Mexico

Middle East

Monaco

Morocco

Mountains

Naples- Italy

National Geographic

Nepal

Nertherlands - Eindhoven 

New York

New Zealand

Nigeria

North Africa

North Sea

Norway

Nova Scotia

Oceans and Seas

Oman

Pacific Ocean

Pakistan

Palermo - Sicily

Palestine

Palma - Malorca

Panama Canal - Links

Paris

Pendine Sands - Carmarthen

Persian Gulf

Peru

Philippines

Pisa

Planet Earth

Plymouth - Devon

Poland

Port Moresby - PNG

Port Said - Egypt

Portugal

Puerto Rico

Qatar

Quebec

Rio de Janeiro

Romania

Rome

Russia

Salt Lake City - Utah

Samoa

Saudi Arabia

Scotland - John o'Groats

Sea of Japan 

Senegal West Africa

Singapore

Somalia

South Africa

South America

South China

Southampton

Spain - Espana

Sri Lanka - Links

Stonehenge

Suez Canal

Sudan

Surrey, England Index

Sussex, England Index

Sweden

Switzerland

Sydney, Australia

Syria

Tahiti - Polynesia - Links

Taiwan

Thailand

Tokyo, Japan

Tonga - Polynesia

Toronto

Trinidad - Lesser Antilles Tobago

Tsunami

Tunbridge Wells, England

Tunisia

Turkey

UAE - United Arab Emirates

UK Statistics

Ukraine

United Kingdom

United Kingdom - Gov

Uruguay - South America

USA

Vatican City

Venezuela

Venice

Vienna

Vietnam

Volcanoes

Wales - Bridgend

Washington D.C.

Wealden iron industry

Wendover, Utah

West Africa

World Peace Supporters

Yemen

Yugoslavia

Zurich

 

 

The World needs an Ocean Action Plan to coordinate the efforts of member nations that in turn will benefit each other as the oceans move from one shoreline to the shores of a neighbor country. To help us develop an international strategy to combat climate change we need to generate sufficient funds to make headway, estimated to be in the region of $10 million dollars to develop a SeaVax prototype and $6M to build the Elizabeth Swan - a zero carbon prototype that could set a new world record after PlanetSolar

 

An Ocean Action Plan will involve coordinated research, communications and operations designed to tackle marine plastic and acid oceans caused by climate change, working with other organizations to make people aware of the dangers of plastic pollution and the need to reduce our carbon footprints.

 

 

 

 

ARGENTINA

 

 

 

AUSTRALIA

 

 

 

BRAZIL

 

 

 

CANADA

 

 

 

CHINA

 

 

EUROPEAN UNION

 

 

FRANCE

 

 

GERMANY

 

 

INDIA

 

 

INDONESIA

 

 

ITALY

 

 

JAPAN

 

 

MEXICO

 

 

RUSSIA

 

 

SAUDI ARABIA

 

 

SOUTH AFRICA

 

 

SOUTH KOREA

 

 

TURKEY

 

 

UNITED KINGDOM

 

 

UNITED STATES

 

 

PROPOSED OCEAN ACTION PLAN IN BRIEF

 

An Action Plan will involve coordinated research, communications and operations designed to tackle marine plastic and climate change, working with other organizations and academics who are committed to such development and the adoption of low carbon shipping to help combat acid oceans

In addition, we need to make people aware of the dangers of plastic pollution and the need to review packaging policies. We need to up our ocean literacy campaign to alert fishermen to the dangers of discarded nets.

 

An Ocean Action Plan will involve:

 

1. Developing zero carbon ocean cleaning vessels and a central hub to coordinate plastic recovery missions and recycling.

 

2. Incorporate an awareness campaign to target young and old, to promote responsible use of plastics.

 

3. Lobbying Governments and Corporations for a rethink on speeding up the adoption of renewable energy to replace coal and oil.

 

4. Lobbying for product packaging re-designs and better recycling of plastics on land.

 

5. Collecting grants, accounting for and end of year reporting on progress to Ocean Alliance members.

 

6. As appropriate, winding down the Alliance and handing operations over to individual nations or other international bodies once the plastic menace is recognised and a zero carbon vessel is demonstrated that could trigger lower carbon commercial shipping.

 

 

Cleaner Ocean Foundation Ltd

Solar Studios (Solar House)

BN271RF, United Kingdom.

 

Tel/Fax: 0044 1323 831727

Email: growth @ blue-growth . org

 

 

 

 

ZERO CARBON GLOBAL CIRCUMNAVIGATION CHALLENGE 

 

The Elizabeth Swan could circle the globe autonomously adding a new scientific dimension to an exciting solar powered expedition. As you can imagine, the planet's geography is pivotal to the planning of the route and the design of the ship. Many routes have been proposed, developed and investigated.  The best example of which, and the most likely, is shown on this page as the 'Sunshine Route.' (Please note this project is under new management by a film company, rather than a navigation attempt.)

 

One of the most important factors to be considered is the safety of the ship and crew, but the Swan could complete this mission unmanned if so equipped and such technological innovation is well within our grasp.

 

Many tropical areas are only safe from storms for six months of the year and other areas are prone to piracy.  Our route is west-about so as not to fight the prevailing winds on a course designed to capture the sun.  The ships average performance will determine the time of the voyage and that depends on how much sunshine and wind energy it can capture.

 

Energy from the sun varies according to the angle of the incoming radiation. This radiated energy is called insolation and it is different for any position on earth at any given point in time. Thus, it is the position of the Elizabeth Swan on the earth's surface that determines how much energy the ship receives - even with the 'solar wings' tracking the sun.

 

The graph below was the development tool for designing the size of the 'solar wings' and the target weight of the boat. From the weight of the boat we can calculate drag - and from the drag we can calculate the energy we need to power the ship. Designing a boat is like a dog chasing its own tail. You have to start somewhere. Once you know the approximate figures, you can begin to tighten up the specification. A weight analysis is crucial. A weight analysis must include everything to make the ship complete. It's difficult. Any naval architect will tell you that. The ship is also the product of the mission. This particular mission is to go around the world in 280 days or under autonomously.

 

 

A GRAPH USED AS A DEVELOPMENT TOOL TO ESTIMATE SOLAR PANEL AREA FOR A GIVEN PERFORMANCE

 

 

Waypoint

Latitude

Sun/Mins

Leg/Mins

Kw/Hrs @ 18% m2

X panel area ?

Waypoint

Kw per hr

Gibralta

36

252

264

47.52

253.44

Gibralta

10.56

Canary Is

28

276

297

53.46

285.12

Canary Is

11.88

Lesser Ant

14

318

325.5

58.59

312.48

Lesser Ant

13.02

Panama

9

333

331.5

59.67

318.24

Panama

13.26

Galapagos

10

330

322.5

58.05

309.6

Galapagos

12.9

Maquesas

15

315

310.5

55.89

298.08

Maquesas

12.42

Tahiti

18

306

304.5

54.81

292.32

Tahiti

12.18

Tonga

19

303

306

55.08

293.76

Tonga

12.24

Fiji

17

309

321

57.78

308.16

Fiji

12.84

Solomon

9

333

333

59.94

319.68

Solomon

13.32

Torres

9

333

328.5

59.13

315.36

Torres

13.14

Darwin

12

324

327

58.86

313.92

Darwin

13.08

Christmas

10

330

337.5

60.75

324

Christmas

13.5

Chagos

5

345

334.5

60.21

321.12

Chagos

13.38

Aden

12

324

313.5

56.43

300.96

Aden

12.54

Port Said

19

303

274.5

49.41

263.52

Port Said

10.98

Sicily

38

246

244.5

44.01

234.72

Sicily

9.78

Palma

39

243

247.5

44.55

237.6

Palma

9.90

Gibralta

36

252

247.5

44.55

237.6

Gibralta

9.90

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This particular graph starts as the average insolation for each of the waypoints of the Sunshine Route. It's up to you how conservative your estimate is, but it is just that - an estimate. World insolation figures are available for many positions on earth, but not for the open ocean. There are other variables, for example the efficiency of your solar cells, and that comes down to cost. We have elected to build the Elizabeth Swan as economically as possible - and that means no exotic materials. This decision also makes us more attractive to project partners - and validates the commercial possibilities for solar powered cargo ships.

 

 

THE G20 & CLIMATE CHANGE

 

 

 

 

ARGENTINA

 

 

Malcolm Turnbull

 

AUSTRALIA

 

 

Michel Temer

 

BRAZIL

 

 

Justin Trudeau

 

CANADA

 

 

Xi Jinping

 

CHINA

 

 

EUROPEAN UNION

 

Edouard Philippe

 

FRANCE

 

Angela Merkel

 

GERMANY

 

Narendra Modi

 

INDIA

 

Joko Widodo

 

INDONESIA

 

Giuseppe Conte

 

ITALY

 

Shinzo Abe

 

JAPAN

 

Enrique Pena Nieto

 

MEXICO

 

Vladimir Putin

 

RUSSIA

 

King Salman

 

SAUDI ARABIA

 

Cyril Ramaphosa

 

SOUTH AFRICA

 

Moon Jae-in

 

SOUTH KOREA

 

Recep Tayyip Erdogan

 

TURKEY

 

Theresa May

 

UNITED KINGDOM

 

Donald Trump

 

UNITED STATES

 

 

 

 

THE LINKS BELOW ARE TO A PREVIOUS PROPOSAL FOR A SOLAR POWERED EXPEDITION WAYPOINTS IN 2006

 

 

 

We hope you will in part experience the flavour of this exciting voyage from the destinations listed above and learn something of the exotic locations.  The World is indeed our Oyster.

 

 

Records to beat:-

 

1. The electric Trans-World Ocean record - 585 days (571 days adjusted).

 

 

World Solar Autonomous Navigation Challenge route map

 

THE SUNSHINE ROUTE

 

 

CIRCUMNAVIGATION MILESTONE EXPEDITION ESTIMATES

 

1.

MONACO

START LINE

2.

GIBRALTAR

DAY 14 UPDATE

3.

TENERIFE - CANARY ISLD

DAY 28 UPDATE

4.

TRINIDAD - WEST INDIES

DAY 42 UPDATE

5.

PANAMA CANAL

DAY 56 UPDATE

6.

GALAPAGOS ISLANDS

DAY 70 UPDATE

7.

TAHITI

DAY 84 UPDATE

8.

TONGA

DAY 98 LATEST

9.

FIJI

DAY 112 UPDATE

10.

PORT MORESBY - P.N.G.

DAY 126 UPDATE

11.

CAPE YORK - AUSTRALIA

DAY 140 UPDATE

12.

DARWIN - AUSTRALIA

DAY 154 UPDATE

13.

JAKARTA - JAVA

DAY 168 UPDATE

14.

COLOMBO - SRI LANKA

DAY 182 UPDATE

15.

ADEN - YEMEN

DAY 196 LATEST

16.

SUEZ CANAL

DAY 210 UPDATE

17.

PORT SAID - EGYPT

DAY 224 UPDATE

18.

PALERMO - SICILY

DAY 238 UPDATE

19.

NAPLES - ITALY

DAY 252 UPDATE

20.

MONACO

DAY 266 UPDATE

-

WORLD'S FASTEST CELEBRATIONS

HOMECOMING

 

USE THE LINKS ABOVE TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT THE PROPOSED WORLD ROUTE WAYPOINTS

 

 

Map study showing alternative routes investigated for the SolarNavigator Mk2

 

Map study showing alternative routes investigated for a fast circumnavigation as the Gold (sunshine), Red, Green and Blue routes. The table below is for the Sunshine Route.

 

 

LEG

NAUTICAL MILES

TIME IN PORT

WAYPOINT

SUNSHINE DAYS

-

-

-

-

-

START

-

-

Monaco

0.00

1

784

2

Gibraltar

4.67

2

729

2

Tenerife, Canary Islands

4.34

3

3,154

2

Trinidad, Port of Spain

18.77

4

1,182

2

Panama City

7.04

5

970

2

Galapagos

5.77

6

3,640

2

Tahiti

21.67

7

1,423

2

Tonga, Nukualofa

8.47

8

410

2

Fiji, Suva

2.44

9

1,886

2

Port Moresby PNG

11.23

10

340

2

Thursday Island, Cape York

2.02

11

724

2

Darwin

4.31

12

1,572

2

Jakarta, Indonesia

9.36

13

1,881

2

Colombo, Sri Lanka

11.20

14

2,109

2

Aden, Yemen

12.55

15

698

2

Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

4.15

16

670

2

Port Said, Egypt

3.99

17

1,111

2

Palermo, Sicily

6.61

18

170

2

Naples, Italy

1.01

19

393

FINISH

Monaco

2.34

-

-

-

-

-

-

23,846

36

RUNTIME DAYS @ 7kts

141.94

-

-

-

-

-

+ 10% service

= 156.13 Days

-

7 KNOTS AVE INC PORT & %

192.13

-& maintenance

-

-

AT 6 KNOTS AVE

224.16

 -

-

-

AT 5 KNOTS AVE

268.99

 

TRANSIT EXAMPLES - The above table illustrates one of the most likely ocean awareness expedition routes showing the time elapsed in days for 7 knots average cruising speed, including times for 5 and 6 knot averages - allowing for 10% downtime and 36 days in ports. Hence, although the objective is to reduce the current solar circumnavigation record from 584 days, the event in not an outright non-stop yacht competition in the offshore racing sense. It remains to be seen how accurate such a prediction might be.

 

 

A date for the start of the event has yet to be set, although it is hoped for a launch in 2021 and an attempt to set a number of records in 2022. Monaco is where the fun begins and ends.  The route will encompass both great Canals.  It is hoped to transit the Panama Canal in February heading for the Galapagos and thence joining the South Equatorial Current to Indonesia via the Torres Strait by August.   Still going with the S.E. trades across the Indian Ocean, then through the Suez Canal to Port Said into the Mediterranean Sea to Palermo and Monaco, where it is hoped a new Guinness world records will be set.  It is expected this expedition will last around 280 days, including around 60 days of docking for provisions, media and public relations events.

 

 

 

In addition to planning a route for good sunshine, it is an advantage to be able to tilt the ship's wing-panels towards the sun to collect as much energy from each daily pass. To do this we use a Solar Tracker. We also use electronic MMPT to ensure that each bank of panels is giving as much power as it can, while working with other banks of panels. 

 

 

THE FUTURE

 

Eventually, it is hoped to be in a position to travel around the world in 80 days or less using energy from nature. We know that is a long way off, but if somebody does not try to raise the bar, we will never get there. For sure, as and when an autonomous navigation is safely completed, that will herald a new era of navigation precision.

 

 


ACIDIFICATION - ADRIATIC - ARCTIC - ATLANTIC - BALTIC - BAY BENGAL - BAY BISCAY - BERING - BLACK SEA - CARIBBEAN - CORAL - CORAL SEA - EAST CHINA SEA

ENGLISH CH - FINLAND - GOC - GUANABARA - GULF GUINEA - GULF MEXICO - INDIAN - IRC - MEDITERRANEAN - NORTH SEA - PACIFIC - PERSIAN GULF - SEA JAPAN

SOUTHERN -

STH CHINA - PLASTIC - PLANKTON - PLASTIC OCEANS - SEA LEVEL RISE - SOUTHERN - UNCLOS - UNEP WOC - WWF

 

AMAZON - BURIGANGA - CITARUM - CONGO - CUYAHOGA - GANGES - IRTYSH - JORDAN  - LENA - MANTANZA-RIACHUELO

MARILAO - MEKONG - MISSISSIPPI - NIGER - NILE - PARANA - PASIG - SARNO - THAMES - YANGTZE - YAMUNA - YELLOW

 

 

 

This website is Copyright © 1999 & 2019 Cleaner Ocean Foundation Limited, an environmental educational charity working hard for world peace.   The names AmphiMax™, SeaVax™, Elizabeth Swan™ and Kulo Luna™ are trademarks. All other trademarks are hereby acknowledged.