STOCKS and SHARES

Money makes the world go around

 

 

The capital stock (or stock) of an incorporated business constitutes the equity stake of its owners. It represents the residual assets of the company that would be due to stockholders after discharge of all senior claims such as secured and unsecured debt. Stockholders' equity cannot be withdrawn from the company in a way that is intended to be detrimental to the company's creditors.


Shares

The stock of a corporation is partitioned into shares, the total of which are stated at the time of business formation. Additional shares may subsequently be authorized by the existing shareholders and issued by the company. In some jurisdictions, each share of stock has a certain declared par value, which is a nominal accounting value used to represent the equity on the balance sheet of the corporation. In other jurisdictions, however, shares of stock may be issued without associated par value.

Shares represent a fraction of ownership in a business. A business may declare different types (classes) of shares, each having distinctive ownership rules, privileges, or share values. Ownership of shares may be documented by issuance of a stock certificate. A stock certificate is a legal document that specifies the amount of shares owned by the shareholder, and other specifics of the shares, such as the par value, if any, or the class of the shares.

In the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, South Africa, and Australia, stock can also refer to completely different financial instruments such as government bonds or, less commonly, to all kinds of marketable securities.


Types of stock

Stock typically takes the form of shares of either common stock or preferred stock. As a unit of ownership, common stock typically carries voting rights that can be exercised in corporate decisions. Preferred stock differs from common stock in that it typically does not carry voting rights but is legally entitled to receive a certain level of dividend payments before any dividends can be issued to other shareholders. Convertible preferred stock is preferred stock that includes an option for the holder to convert the preferred shares into a fixed number of common shares, usually any time after a predetermined date. Shares of such stock are called "convertible preferred shares" (or "convertible preference shares" in the UK).

New equity issue may have specific legal clauses attached that differentiate them from previous issues of the issuer. Some shares of common stock may be issued without the typical voting rights, for instance, or some shares may have special rights unique to them and issued only to certain parties. Often, new issues that have not been registered with a securities governing body may be restricted from resale for certain periods of time.

Preferred stock may be hybrid by having the qualities of bonds of fixed returns and common stock voting rights. They also have preference in the payment of dividends over common stock and also have been given preference at the time of liquidation over common stock. They have other features of accumulation in dividend. In addition, preferred stock usually comes with a letter designation at the end of the security; for example, Berkshire-Hathaway Class "B" shares sell under stock ticker BRK.B, whereas Class "A" shares of ORION DHC, Inc will sell under ticker OODHA until the company drops the "A" creating ticker OODH for its "Common" shares only designation. This extra letter does not mean that any exclusive rights exist for the shareholders but it does let investors know that the shares are considered for such, however, these rights or privileges may change based on the decisions made by the underlying company.

 

 

 

LINKS

 

MONEY FINDER

 

ABBEY NATIONAL

AGRICULTURAL BANK CHINA

ALLIANCE & LEICESTER

ALLIED IRISH

ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS

AMERICAN EXPRESS

ANGELS

ANZ BANK AUSTRALIA

ASIA PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION

BANCO BRADESCO

BANK OF AMERICA

BANK OF CHINA

BANK OF TOKYO JAPAN

BANK ONE USA

BANKS

BARCLAYCARD

BARCLAYS - UK

BAYERISCHE LANDESBANK - Germany

BNP PARIBAS GROUP - France

BILLIONAIRES

BRISTOL & WEST

BRITISH NATIONAL BUSINESS ANGELS

BRITISH VENTURE CAPITAL FIRMS

BUILDING SOCIETIES A - Z

BUSINESS PLAN -  MARKETING

CAHOOT

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CHASE MANHATTAN - US

CHINA CONSTRUCTION BANK

CITIBANK - US

COMEICA BANK - US

CREDIT CARDS - DEBT RELIEF

CREDIT LYONNIAS - France

CREDIT SUISSE

DEUTSCHE BANK - Germany

DIAMONDS

DOW JONES

DRAGONS DEN 2006

DRESDNER BANK - Germany

ECONOMICS

ELECTRONIC MONEY TRANSFERS

EMERALDS

ENTREPRENEUR

EQUITY HOUSES

FINANCIER

FIRST DIRECT

FLEET - US 

FLOATATIONS

FORBES 100 RICHEST

FORBES 500

FOREX INVESTMENTS

FORTUNE 500

FOUNDATIONS - GATES

FREE TRADE ZONES

FTSE

FUJI BANK - JAPAN

GOLD

GOLDMAN SACHS

HALIFAX

HBOS - HALIFAX BANK of SCOTLAND

HOLDING COMPANY

HONG KONG STOCK EXCHANGE

HSBC

HSBC BANK USA - UK

HSBC - HK

IDENTITY THEFT PREVENTION

IMPERIAL BANK - US

INDUSTRIAL COMMERCIAL BANK CHINA

INSURANCE

INVESTORS INDEX

IMF

ITAU UNIBANCO

J PIERPOINT MORGAN

JOHANNESBURG STOCK EXCHANGE

KLEINWORT BENSON

LA SALLE BANK - US

LIFE ASSURANCE

LOANS

LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE - MARKET

LLOYDS

MADRID STOCK EXCHANGE

MARKET CAPITALISATION

MAYBANK - Malaysia

MILLIONAIRES

MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL

MONEY

MONEY LAUNDERING

MORTGAGES

NASDAQ

NATIONAL AUSTRALIA BANK GROUP

NATIONAL LOTTERY

NATIONAL WESTMINSTER BANK

NATIONAL BUSINESS ANGEL NETWORK

NATIONAL CITY BANK - US

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE

OFFSHORE BANKING

OMX AB HELSINKI

PENSIONS

PLATINUM

PLCs

RBS ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND

ROYAL BANK CANADA

RUBIES

SANTANDER BANCO

SANWA BANK - Japan

SAPHIRES

SAVINGS

SHAREHOLDERS

SHARES, STOCKS, DIVIDENDS

SHELL COMPANIES

SIAM COMMERCIAL BANK - Thailand

SILVER

SOCIETE GENERALE - France

SOUTHERN BANK BERHAD - Malyasia

STANDARD CHARTERED BANK - UK

STATE STREET BANK - US

STOCKS AND SHARES

SUMITOMO MITSUI BANK - Japan

SWISS BANK ACCOUNTS

TAX HAVENS

THAI FARMERS BANK - Thailand

THE AMERICAN DOLLAR

THE ARAB INVESTMENT COMPANY

THE CHINESE YUAN

THE DINAR

THE EURO

THE INDIAN RUPEE

THE JAPANESE YEN

THE POUND STERLING

THE RUSSIAN ROUBLE

THE SOUTH AFRICAN RAND

THE SWISS FRANC

TOKYO STOCK EXCHANGE

TORONTO DOMINION BANK - Canada

TRUSTS

UBS AG - Switzerland

UNION BANK OF CALIFORNIA

US BANKCORP

VAT - VALUE ADDED TAX

VENTURE CAPITAL

VISA

WALL STREET

WELLS FARGO - US

WEST DEUTSCHE LANDESBANK - Germany

WESTPAC

WORLD BANK

WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION

WOOLWICH

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When a pirate whaler kills a small humpback whale, her giant friend sinks the pirate ship to avenge the death, but is itself wounded. The pirates put a price on the whale's head, but an adventurer in an advanced solar powered boat races to beat the pirates and save the wounded animal. 

 

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