JAMES DYSON INVENTOR BAGLESS CYCLONIC VACUUM CLEANER

Sir James Dyson, CBE is a British industrial designer. He is best known as the inventor of the Dual Cyclone bagless vacuum cleaner, which works on the principle of cyclonic separation. His other inventions include the Ballbarrow.

Dyson studied furniture design and interior design at the Royal College of Art (1966-1970) before moving into engineering. His net worth is said to be just over a £1 billion [1]. In 1997 he wrote Against The Odds: An Autobiography co-authored by Giles Coren. ISBN 0-75280-981-4

Early inventions

The Sea Truck, Dyson's first product, was launched in 1970 whilst he was in the Royal College of Art. Sales of the Sea Truck amount to $500 million. The Ballbarrow, a modified version of a wheelbarrow however using a ball to replace the wheel, was launched. Dyson remained with the idea of a ball and also invented the Trolleyball which was a trolley that launched boats. He then designed the Wheelboat which could travel at speeds of 64km/h on both land and water.

Vacuum cleaners

Dyson originally had the idea of using cyclonic separation to create a vacuum cleaner that wouldn't lose suction as it picked up dirt in the late 1970s. He also thought of a vacuum cleaner that could do this after he found the spray-finishing room's air filter for the Ballbarrow was regularly becoming clogged with particles. He made 5172 prototypes before launching the 'G-Force' cleaner in 1983, launching it through catalogue sales in Japan, in bright pink, with a selling price of £2000 (British Equivalent). He finally obtained his first U.S. patent on the idea in 1986 (U.S. Patent 4,593,429).

After failing to sell his invention to the major manufacturers, Dyson set up his own manufacturing company, which now outsells many of the companies that rejected his idea, becoming one of the most popular brands in the United Kingdom. In early 2005 it was reported that Dyson cleaners had become the market leaders in the United States by value (though not by number of units sold).

Dyson's breakthrough in the UK market, more than 10 years after the initial idea, was through a TV advertising campaign that emphasized that, unlike its rivals, it did not require the continuing purchase of replacement bags. At that time, the UK market for disposable cleaner bags was £100m. The slogan of 'say goodbye to the bag' proved more attractive to the buying public than a previous emphasis on the suction efficiency that its technology delivers. Ironically, the previous step change in domestic vacuum cleaner design had been the introduction of the disposable bag - users being prepared to pay extra for the convenience of dustless emptying.

Following his success the other major manufacturers began to market their own bagless vacuum cleaners. Dyson sued Hoover UK for patent infringement and won (around $5 million in damages). Dyson dedicated two decades of his life to improving and marketing vacuum cleaners. Recently, his manufacturing plant moved from Malmesbury in the UK to Malaysia, partly for economic reasons and partly because of difficulty acquiring land for expansion. Eight hundred people lost their jobs. The company's headquarters and research facilities remain in Malmesbury.

Dyson later stated that due to the cost savings from transferring production to Malaysia he was able to invest in R&D at Malmesbury. Dyson currently employs more people in the UK than he did before the transfer of manufacturing to Malaysia.

Dyson is outspoken on the subjects of design, engineering and innovation, although his success is arguably due equally to astute marketing and manufacturing than to any of those.

Artwork

In 2002 Dyson envisioned a realisation of the illusions depicted in the lithographs of Dutch artist M.C. Escher. Engineer Derek Phillips was able to accomplish the task after a year of work, creating a water sculpture in which the water appears to flow up to the tops of four ramps arranged in a square, before cascading to the bottom of the next ramp. The creation titled Wrong Garden, was displayed at the Chelsea Flower Show in the spring of 2003. The illusion is accomplished with water containing air bubbles pumped through a chamber underneath the transparent glass ramps to a slit at the top from which the bulk of the water cascades down. This makes it appear that the water is flowing up, when actually a small amount of water diverted from the slit at the top flows back down the ramps in a thin layer.

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